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OBJECTIVE：To provide evidence for promoting the scientific resea rch ability and talent team construction of hospital pharmacists. METHODS ：From Dec. 2019 to Apr. 2020，“Survey Form for Scientific Research Ability of Hospital Pharmacists”were issued to pharmacists in 62 medical institutions from 20 provinces across the country. The questionnaire was mainly based on five aspects ，i.e. general information of surveyed pharmacists ，the number of internal/external funds and patents approved in recent five years （2015-2019），the number of papers published in domestic/abroad/SCI journals ，the familiarity with scientific research projects ，the difficulties in carrying out scientific research. The collected data were summarized and analyzed with R 4.0.3 software. RESULTS ：A total of 300 questionnaires were sent out ，and 288 valid questionnaires were collected with effective recovery rate of 96％. Among surveyed pharmacists ，94 were male and 194 were female. The majority of them were 31-39 years old （52.78％）；56.25％，28.12％ and 15.63％ of them had bachelor ’s degree ，master’s degree and doctor ’s degree respectively，and 156（54.17％）had intermediate title. Totally 74.66％ of hospital pharmacists thought it was very necessary or necessary to carry out research projects （involving all doctors ，26 masters and 4 bachelors）. There were significant differences among pharmacists with different educational background in respects of the number of applications for internal and external funds and patents ，as well as the number of papers published in domestic/foreign/SCI journals ，and most of them were doctors （P＜ 0.05）. In recent five years ，most of hospital pharmacists had published 1-3 papers in domestic journals ，accounting for 44.80％， while 27.08％ had published papers in SCI journals. Totally 51.39％ of hospital pharmacists were not familiar or not very familiar with scientific research projects funding （most of them had bachelor ’s degree ）；52.43％ expressed that experimental conditions were the biggest difficulty in conducting scientific research. CONCLUSIONS：This survey shows that hospital pharmacists have a relatively positive attitude towards scientific researchprojects. Most of papers are published in domestic journals. 8804919。E-mail：songjc1234@126.com However， there are still many shortcomings in scientific research status. Scientific research capabilities need to be improved. Experimental conditions also limit the scientific research projects to a certain extent. Hospitals need to strengthen funding for pharmacist research projects ，strengthen academic exchanges ， so that pharmacists can understand scientific research projects more comprehensively and systematically.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the inhibitory effect of ketogenic diet (KD) on growth of neuroblastoma in mice.@*METHODS@#BALB/c-nu mouse models bearing neuroblastoma xenografts were established by subcutaneous injection of human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y). When the tumor volume reached 250 mm3, the mice were randomized into SD group with standard diet and PBS treatment, KD group with ketogenic diet and PBS treatment, and CP+KD group with ketogenic diet and cyclophosphamide (60 mg·kg·day) treatment, =8. The tumor volume, body weight, blood glucose, ketone body (β-Hydroxybutyrate) levels, and hepatic steatosis in the mice were assessed. The expressions of caspase-3 and caspase-8 were detected by Western blotting, and Ki67 expresison was detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed for the autophagosomes, and the autophagic protein Beclin1, LC3A/B and P62 were detected by IHC and Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#On day 28 post tumor cell injection, the mice in KD and CP+KD groups could prolong the overall survival rates than that in SD group ( < 0.001). On day 22 post the injection, the tumor volume in KD group was smaller than that in SD group ( < 0.05); on 16, 19, and 22 day post the injection, the tumor volume in CP+KD group was smaller than that in SD group ( < 0.01). The mice in SD group showed greater body weight on day 19 and higher blood glucose level on day 13 post the injection than those in the other two groups ( < 0.05). Blood ketone level and hepatic steatosis score were higher and glucose ketone index (GKI) was lower in KD and CP+KD groups than those in SD group (all < 0.05). The expressions of Ki67 and apoptotic proteins were detected in the tumor tissues of all groups. TEM revealed more autophagosomes in the tumor tissues of KD group than that of SD group. P62 expression was lowered ( < 0.01) and Beclin1 and LC3A/B expressions were up-regulated in the tumor tissues of KD group ( < 0.05), which is consisitent with IHC.@*CONCLUSIONS@#KD has a strong anti-tumor effect in the xenograft mouse model possibly by regulating cell autophagy.
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Animals , Humans , Mice , 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid , Blood Glucose , Cell Line, Tumor , Diet, Ketogenic , Mice, Inbred BALB C , NeuroblastomaABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is the most widespread global pandemic in the past 100 years. Person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 infection leads to the major threat of human safety and health. At 00:00 on January 24th, 2020, Tianjin City launched the first-level response to the COVID-19 epidemic. At 18:00 on the same day, Management Committee of Dongjiang Free Trade Port Zone of Tianjin received areport that there were 15 people who had fever on the Costa Crociere carrying 4 806 people from Japan back to the home port of Tianjin Dongjiang Cruise. At the same time, there are more than 140 Chinese Hubei tourists. Tianjin Municipal Committee and Government, Tianjin Customs, Binhai New Area District Committee Government, Tianjin Health Commission, Tianjin Binhai New Area Health Commission formed an emergency command center immediately to deal with the epidemic comprehensively. At 06:40 on January 25th, 2020, the medical investigation team made up by Tianjin Binhai New Area Health Commission and Tianjin East Administration of Customs boarded the cruise ship. With reference to the customs inspection and quarantine regulations, in accordance with the Diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus (trial version 3) for mulated by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China and the Novel coronavirus infected pneumonia port control and technology plan (first version) formulated by the General Administration of Customs, combined with the actual situation of cruise ships, the medical investigation team developed the inspection standards, including door-to-door inspections, temperature measurement and epidemiological investigations on all persons on board of the cruise ship. A total of 4 806 person-times were investigated in the affected area, including 3 706 tourists and 1 100 crew members. Seventeen people at high risk of COVID-19 were identified, including three Wuhan tourists. The reports of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) nucleic acid detection on throat swab samples for those who were identified as high risk were returned as all negative at 14:54 on the same day. At 19:30, the medical investigation team completed the investigation and evacuated the cruise ship. The temperature measurement, medical observation and resettlement of passenger were handed over to relevant personnel. After 2 weeks, the follow-up result of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid of 17 high risk people were all negative. The overall command and comprehensive coordination of the onshore command center together with the rigid principles and excellent responds ability of the on-site epidemic investigation team ensured the successful completion of the epidemic investigation work, and also provided reference for further improving the management and disposal capacity of public health emergencies at sea.
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BACKGROUND:The surface of dental impression is inevitable to carry various bacteria caused by direct contact with the patient saliva, mucosa and blood during preparation;therefore, disinfection of the dental impression is necessary. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the disinfection efficiency of glutaraldehyde, chlorine dioxide and electrolyzed oxiding water on dental impressions and to investigate the dimensional stability of impressions after disinfection, thus providing basis for establishing a standard and reasonable disinfection method. METHODS:Alginate impression materials were contaminated in vitro, and then immersed in glutaraldehyde, chlorine dioxide and electrolyzed-oxiding water for 5, 10 and 15 minutes, respectively. The colonies were counted after germiculture to compare the disinfection efficiency of three disinfectants. The impressions were poured in die stone after immersion, the dental models were structured-light scanned and three-dimensional digital dental models were reconstructed. Al the data were global y registered, and linear dimensions were measured on the digital models to deduce the influence of disinfection on surface accuracy and dimensional stability of the impressions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The disinfecting rate reached 100%through immersion in 2%alkaline glutaraldehyde for 5 minutes, and the disinfection of kil ing the hepatitis B virus was effective after 10-minute immersion. The disinfecting rate of 600 ppm chlorine dioxide for 15 minutes kil ing experimental bacteria reached 99%and effective for kil ing the hepatitis B virus. While the disinfecting rate of kil ing experimental bacteria was less than 99%through immersion in electrolyzed oxiding water for 15 minutes, and was not effective for hepatitis B virus. The three-dimensional digital dental models did not differ significantly. These results suggest that immersion in 2%alkaline glutaraldehyde for 10 minutes or 600 ppm chlorine dioxide for 15 minutes can effectively disinfect alginate impressions and make no significant effect on the dimensional stability.
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Objective To investigate the relationships of hyperuricemia with clinical and Oxford classifications in children with IgA nephropathy.Methods Clinical data of 213 children with IgA nephropathy were retrospective analyzed. According to the levels of blood uric acid, these children were divided into two groups, hyperuricemia group (n?=?51) and normal uric acid group (n?=?162). Differences of clinical index and Oxford classiifcation between the two groups were observed. Results The 24 h urinary protein, level of serum creatinine, glomerular ifltration rate (eGFR) in hyperuricemia group were signiifcantly higher than those in normal group (P all?
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Objective To investigate the incidence of dental fluorosis and pit caries in school-age children from binhai new area of Tianjin, and to discuss the relationship between dental fluorosis and pit caries, providing the guidance for the prevention and treatment of them. Methods Referring to WHO’s“Oral Health Surveys Basic Methods”(Fourth Edition) and protocols of the third national oral epidemiology investigation, 3 778 children aged 7 to 9 year-old with similar levels of education were investigated for their dental fluorosis and fissure caries using the cross sectional survey method. Results The data showed that the incidence of dental fluorosis was less than 10%in the samples, and the community fluorosis index (CFI) was 0.075. The caries prevalence rate and mean decayed missing filled tooth (DMFT) of first permanent molars were 15.57%and 0.46 in male students, and those were 17.41%and 0.58 in female students. There were no significant differences in the caries prevalence rate and DMFT of first molar between male and female children (χ2=2.345, P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the caries rate and DMFT between different age groups (χ2=172.576, P<0.05), and both increased with age. Conclusion After years of defluoridation project in Tianjin, the detection rate and index of dental fluorosis in children have showed a downward trend. The caries prevalence rate may be related to the eruption rate of the first permanent molar.
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Objective To learn about the antibiotic resistance status of methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococcus(MRCNS),and to investigate the distribution and resistant feature of different staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec(SCCmec) genotypes of children in Anhui,so as to guide clinical medication.Methods Resistance phenotype screening was conducted in coagulase negative staphylococcus,which were isolated from clinical strains in children in Anhui from 2010 to 2014 each year in September.MecA gene was detected by using PCR method in order to collect MRCNS.Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 16 antibiotics were determined by adopting agar dilution method.Vacomycin-resistant strains were identified with population analysis and the Brain Heart Infusion vancomycin screen agar dilution method recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute in 2013.Van gene and SCCmec types were detected by using PCR method.Results A total of 148 MRCNS strains were detected through the resistance phenotype screening and the detection of mecA gene.There were methicillin resistant staphylococcus epidermidis,methicillin resistant staphylococcus haemolyticus,methicillin resistant staphylococcus hominis,and other kinds of MRCNS,and the proportions of them were 44.59％ (66/148 cases),25.68％ (38/148 cases),19.59％ (29/148 cases) and 10.14％ (15/148 cases),respectively.The analysis of antibiotic resistance showed the antimicrobial resistant rates of MRCNS to Penicillin,Cefoperazone,Cefotaxime,Ceftriaxone,lmipenem and Meropenem were all 100％,to Erythromycin and Azithromycin,Ciprofloxacin,Clindamycin,Gentamicin,Lewofloxacin,Rifampincin,Chloramphenicol,Teicoplanin and Vancomycin were 92.57％,97.98％,83.78％,79.05％,43.24％,35.81％,24.32％,8.78％,2.03％ and 0.68％,respectively.There was 1 heterogeneous Vancomycin-resistant strain,which was resistant to both Vancomycin and Teicoplanin (with MIC 32.00 mg/L and 64.00 mg/L).No vanA,vanB,vanC1 or vanC2/3 gene was detected from heterogeneous Vancomycin-resistant strain by PCR.Ⅰ to Ⅴ SCCmec genotypes were detected from 148 MRCNS strains,and the major SCCmec type was SCCmec type Ⅲ,which was followed by hybrid type.Three subtypes of SCCmec type Ⅳ were identified,including Ⅳa,Ⅳc and Ⅳd.There were 148 MRCNS strains that showed different resistant phenotypes to various antibiotics.Conclusions The MRCNS strains of children in Anhui province showed multiple resistance to antibiotics.It should be on alert when heterogeneous Vaneomycin-resistant strain appeared.There were several different SCCmec types among several kinds of MRCNS,and SCCmec Ⅲ genotype was the major epidemic isolate.There was no significant correlation between the different resistance rates of non-β-lactamase antibiotics and SCCmec genotypes in MRCNS.
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Objective To investigate the solutions to the comfort problem caused by traditional batch produc‐tion that cannot satisfy everyone's request .Methods The both objective and subjective evaluations were put forward to the assessment of ear comfort .The accurate data about the pinna was acquired through reverse engineering and extracting key points of the pinna by image detection method .The headphone model was built by the semi-parame‐ter design .Through the FESA study ,headphones - pinna contact pressure was assessed and relevant parameters were improved .Comfort was analyzed by contact pressure .Results The simulation contact pressure was compared before and after optimizing parameters .The results showed that the contact area of the augment cymba conchae could obtain more uniformity pressure .Conclusion The example verification shows this delivers better comfort than traditional one .The research has some reference value for the design and option comfortable headphones .
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Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological features of Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) in children. Methods The clinical and pathological data of 242 children with HSPN admitted from January 2009 to January 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The most common clinical type was proteinuria and hematuria (135 cases, 55.79%). The mainly pathological types were typeⅡandⅢ. The distribution of pathological types was statistically signiifcant between different clinical types (P=0.000). The patients with normal urine test had the lowest pathological grade. The patients with isolated hematuria and proteinuria mainly had pathological typeⅡ. The patients with hematuria and proteinuria mainly had pathological typeⅢa. The patients with nephrotic syndrome mainly had pathological typeⅢb. The length of the courses at renal biopsy was not statistically signiifcant among different clinical types (P>0.05) and pathological types (P>0.05). The deposition of immune complex in kidney was not statistically signiifcant among different pathological types (P>0.05). The levels of IgA, C3, and platelet count were not statistically signiifcant among different clinical and pathological types (P>0.05). Conclusion The clin-ical classiifcation is related to the pathological grade in children with HSPN.
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Objective To study the effect of carbonated drinks on primary and permanent teeth replacement in Chil-dren. Method Dog tooth enamel samples were soaked in coca-cola, sprite and pure soda, and the calcium, phosphorus lev-el were analysed. Dental papilla stem cells were separated and cultured in the conditioned medium by adding three drinks. PCR and western blot were used to detect mRNA and protein levels of activator of nuclear factor-k B receptor ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) , then the possible role of each gene and interactions rela-tionship were analyzed. Results Compared with saline, coca-cola and sprite showed their significantly decalcification and dephosphorization role, while plain soda water showed calcium and phosphorus protective effect. These three drinks had no effect on mRNA and protein levels of RANKL gene (P>0.05). Coca-cola and sprite can reduce OPG mRNA and protein lev-els, and at the same time increase transcription and expression of the VDR gene. Plain soda water has no effect on the OPG gene manifestation, but can significantly reduce the transcription and translation level of the VDR gene. Conclusion Car-bonated drinks may affect the dental health of the children's primary and permanent teeth replacement by regulating bone re-lated gene expression and vitamin D receptor family.
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Objective To study the functional roles of 1,25(OH)2D3 in osteogenic differentiation of the dental papilla stem cells. Methods The dental papilla stem cells were isolated and cultured in medium supplemented with different con-centrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 (1, 10 and 100 nmol/L). MTT assay was used to detect the cell growth, and flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle. Western blot assay was used to detect protein expression levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and vitamin D receptor (VDR). After siRNA silencing VDR expression, protein levels of RANKL and OPG were detected. Results MTT and flow cytometry results showed that there were no sig-nificant differences in the cell proliferation between different concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 (1, 10 and 100 nmol/L) and con-trol groups (P>0.05). Western blot results showed that there were protein expressions of VDR, RANKL and OPG in control group. The protein expressions of VDR, RANKL and OPG were increased after adding 1,25(OH)2D3, in which the upward trend was the most significant in VDR. After VDR expression was silenced by siRNA, the protein expression levels of VDR, RANKL and OPG were decreased. Conclusion 1,25(OH) 2D3 affects the osteoblast differentiation process of the dental pa-pilla stem cells by adjusting the VDR expression.
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Objective To observe the influence on clinic symptom and pulmonary function in asthmatic patients treated with polysaccharide nucleicacid of calmette-guerin(BCG-PSN) injection in asthmatic patients.Methods 30 cases(treatment group) with additional BCG-PSN injection and 30 cases(control group) with only normal treatment were studied in contrast.They were observed in pulmonary function and clinic symptom before and after treatment.Results Symptom and pulmonary function improved in both groups.The validity rate in treatment group was 96.7%,and the control group was 80%.Conclusion BCG-PSN could alleviate the inflammation of bronchus and excellent effects of BCG-PSN injection in treatment on clinic symptom and pulmonary function of asthmatic patients were found.
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BACKGROUND: Hyperbaric oxygen can reduce brain ischemic-reperfusion injury, and this effect is closely related to the modulation of hyperbaric oxygen on microglias.OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of hyperbaric oxygen on the activity of in vitro cultured brain microglias and secretion of interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor α and nitric oxide (NO).DESIGN: Completely randomized grouping design, control experiment.SETTING: Teaching and Research Section of Diving Medicine, Teaching and Research Section of Immunity, Teaching and Research Section of Pathology, and the Experimental Animal Center, the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out at the laboratory of Diving Medicine as well as Teaching and Research Section of Immunity, the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, between May 1999 and January 2000. Thirty neonatal SD rats of 1-day birth age were selected for the experiment.METHODS: [1] Brain microglias from newborn SD rats were cultured with digestion method, and microglias were identified with non-specific phosphodiesterase staining and cellular immunochemical staining. [2] Primary microglias were inoculated on 48-well culture board by 2×105/well and randomized into 5 groups: control group without hyperbaric oxygen pretreatment, and hyperbaric oxygen (0.2 MPa 1 hour) pretreatment 3, 7, 10,14 days groups. Cells in groups with hyperbaric oxygen pretreatment at the above various time points were then further divided into 2 subgroups, with one added with culture medium containing bacterium lipopolysaccharide of 1 mg/L (for microglia activation), but not in the other group. [3] Interleukin-1 activity was determined using thymocyte proliferation method. The activity of tumor necrosis factor-α was assessed with L929 cell toxicity test.Nitrous acid content detected by Griess method represented NO content.[4] t-test was used to compare the differences in non-paired quantitative data between the two groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The activity of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor a and NO content in resting and evoked brain microglias in rats at various time points of hyperbaric oxygen pretreatment.RESULTS: Thirty SD rats entered the result analysis. [1] The activity of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor α and NO content in resting brain microglias: The two groups did not differ obviously. [2] Interleukin-1activity and NO content in lipopolysaccharide-evoked brain microglias: They were significantly lower in 10-day and 14-day hyperbaric oxygen pretreatment groups than those in control group [10-day group: 0.409±0.014,(5.21±0.77) μnol/L; 14day group: 0.381±0.004, (4.93±1.02) μmol/L, P ＜ 0.05].[3] The activity of tumor necrosis factor α in evoked brain microglias: It was obviously lower in 14day hyperbaric oxygen pretreatment group than in control group [(51.20±1.13) %, (70.10±2.26) %, P ＜ 0.05].CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with 0.2 MPa hyperbaric oxygen can suppress the secretion of interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor α and NO by evoked microglias, but has not obvious effects on resting microglias.